The U.S. Airport/Facility Directory consistently lists 1-800-WX-BRIEF as the phone number for any Flight Service Station (FSS). Unfortunately, the toll-free numbers don’t work for a Canadian cell phone, even when you’re in the U.S. — that makes life hard when you want to close a flight plan after landing at a non-towered airport (for example), or get a weather briefing while you’re in the taxi on the way to the airport.
Fortunately, I’ve just found this PDF list of local numbers for all U.S. FSS. Once I actually had to call Nav Canada’s toll-free FIC number just to have them look up a U.S. FSS number for me — I’m printing this out and putting it in my flight bag so that that doesn’t happen again. They’re also useful for getting a U.S. briefing from a Canadian landline.
Land and Hold Short 
Another thing that doesn’t work from Canada are the 1-800 numbers for US Customs. Figure *that* one out.
It’s surprising that US sectionals don’t end abruptly with nothing but blank space north of the 49th parallel.
Actually, what little public Canadian aero data we do have is all courtesy of the U.S., since our own government refuses to release it.
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The back of the FAA’s A/FD has a list of local phone numbers. For example the current edition (Sep 28th ’06 – Nov 23rd ’06) of the South East A/FD, on page 426 & 427, all of the local numbers are listed. For weather briefings call the AFSS number that is listed for the region you are looking for.
So if you ever forget to make a printout of this PDF, you can still grab the A/FD and get the numbers you are looking for.